SSBU

Includes list of figures, list of tables, abbreviations, summary, conclusion, appendices.

ABSTRACT _ Kyauktap area, the study area is about 18 kilometers north of Heho. Kalaw Township, Taunggyi Distrinct. It covers approximately 25 square kilometres.
Regionally, the Precambrian rocks of Chaungmagyi Group are surrounded by Lower Paleozoic rocks. The study area is located in the southern part of Bawsaing Range that lies in the southwestern part of the Shan Plateau. Sedimentary rocks of the Wunbye Formation, Nan-on Formation of Pindaya Group (Ordovician age) and Linwe Formation of Mibayataung Group (Silurian age) cropped out in the study area.
According to petrographic classification, Wunbye Formation can be divided into six microfacies: Oolitic Dolomatized Grainstone, Dolomitic Limestone, Crystalline Limestone, and Ferruginous Lime Mudstsone of Linwe Formation.
The lead mineralization is confined to the carbonate rocks of Wunbye Formation of Middle Ordovician age. Absence of igneous rocks is conspicuous. Two types of wallrock alteration are dolomitization as the main alteration, and silicification as subordinate, which predate the ore mineralization. The ore mineralogy is relatively simple. The major ore minerals are galena and barite, and its associated minerals are sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, covellite and anglesite. The gangue minerals are calcite, dolomite and quartz. Both open-space fillings (veinlets, disseminations,fracture fillings and solution collapse breccias) and replacement (irregular patches to massive aggregrates) styles are the nature of ore mineralization. Lead mineralizations are localized by both structural and lithostratigraphical controls.
There are three prospects of lead mineralization in the study area. Pb values range from 3.746%to 58.34%. The content of Zn ranges from 0.0% to 16.45% Cu ranges from 0.0% to 0.024% in the study area.
Based on the geological, geochemical and mineralogical characteristics, the lead mineralizations in the study area carbonate-hosted, stratabound deposits; and epigenetic in origin and may be regarded as one of the sub-types of the Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) deposits.
M.Sc. University of Yangon. 2018.

Includes references.

CONTENTS_
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
1.1 Location, Size and Accessibility
1.2 Physiography
1.3 Drainage Pattern
1.4 Climate and Vegetation
1.5 Purposes of Study
1.6 Methods of Study
1.6.1 Preliminary Investigations
1.6.2 Field Methods
1.6.3 Laboratory Methods
1.7 Previous Works
CHAPTER II : REGIONAL TECTONIC AND GEOLOGIC SETTING
2.1 Regional Tectonic Secting
2.2 Regional Geologic Setting
2.3 Regional Stratigraphy
2.3.1 Molonhein Group
2.3.2 Pindaya Group
2.3.3 Mibayataung Group
2.3.4 Plateau Limestone Group
2.4 Regional Geological Structures
2.4.1 Folds
2.4.2 Faults
CHAPTER III : GEOLOGY OF THE STUDY AREA
3.1 Stratigraphy of the Study Area
3.1.1 Pindaya Group
3.1.1.1 Wunbye Fromation
3.1.1.2 Nan-on Formation
3.1.2 Mibayataung Group
3.1.2.1 Linwe Formation
3.2 Geological Structures
3.2.1 Faults
3.2.2 Joints
CHAPTER IV : PETROGRAPHY
4.1 General Statement
4.2 Wunbye Formation
4.2.1 Oolitic-dolomitized Grainstone
4.2.2 Dolomitic Limestone
4.2.3 Crystalline Limestone
4.2.4 Oolitic-peloidal Grainstone
4.2.5 Peloidal-bioclastic Wackestone
4.2.6 Micrite/ Dismicrite or Lime Mudstone
4.3 Linwe Formation
4.3.1 Ferruginous Lime Mudstone
CHAPTER V : WALLROCK ALTERATION
5.1 General Statement
5.2 Dolomitization
5.3 Silicification
CHAPTER VI : MINERALIZATION
6.1 General Statement
6.2 Mineralization in the Study Area
6.2.1 Thein Than Lead Prospect
6.2.2 Pyae Hlan Paing Lead Prospect
6.2.3 Myae Ni Taung Lead Prospect
6.3 Relationship between Mineralization and Host Rock
6.4 Ore Mineralogy of the Study Area
6.4.1 Nature of Mineralization
6.4.2 Galena
6.4.3 Anglesite
6.4.4 Sphalerite
6.4.5 Pyrite
6.4.6 Chalcopyrite
6.4.7 Covellite
6.4.8 Calcite
6.4.9 Dolomite
6.4.10 Quartz
6.5 Ore Texture
6.5.1 Fracture Filling
6.5.2 Replacement TExture
6.6 Paragenesis
CHAPTER VII GEOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION
7.1 General Statement
7.2 Statistical Treatment of Geochemical Data From Thein Than Lead Prospect
7.3 Distribution of Elements from Phayoke Taung Lead Mineralization
7.3.1 Distribution of Lead (Pb)
7.3.2 Distribution of Zinc (Zn)
7.3.3 Distribution of Copper (Cu)
7.3.4 Distribution of Iron (Fe)
7.3.5 Distribution of Calcium (Ca)
7.3.6 Distribution of Sulphur (S)
7.3.7 Distribution of Silicon (Si)
7.3.8 Distribution of Aluminium (Al)
7.3.9 Distribution of Magnesium (Mg)
7.4 Cluster analysis of Phayoke Taung Lead Mineralization
7.5 Discussion
7.6 Distribution Contour Map of Elements in the Study Area
7.6.1 Distribution of Lead
7.6.2 Distribution of Zinc
7.6.3 Distribution of Copper
7.7 Discussion
CHAPTER VIII : ORE GENESIS AND ORE DEPOSIT TYPE
8.1 Possible Ore Genesis on Lead Mineralizations
8.2 Ore Deposit Type
8.2.1 Carbonate-Hosted Base Metal Deposits
8.2.1.1 LTM Deposit
8.2.1.2 SEDEX Deposit
8.2.1.3 MVT Deposit
8.2.2 Ore Deposit Type of Kyauktap Area
8.3 Comparison of Ore Characteristics between the Lead Mineralizations of the Study Area and Mississippi Valley Type Deposit
CHAPTER IX : MINING AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS
9.1 Mining
9.1.1 Artisanal Mining
9.1.2 Small-scale Mining
9.2 Economic Aspects
9.2.1 Tonnage Estimation of Thein Than Lead Prospect
9.3 Lead Prices
9.4 Trends in Global Production and Consumption of Lead
CHAPTER X : SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
APPENDICES Kyaw Thu Oo Geology and geochemical investigation of lead mineralization in Kyauktap area, Kalaw township, Shan State (South) /