SSBU

ABSTRACT

Twenty seven species of the medicinal plants which relieved from suffering cough and asthma that used by some Myanmar Traditional Practitioners of Lashio, Kyaukme, Namtu, Tangyan, Theinni and Thipaw areas in Northern Shan State were selected and presented in this paper. Specimens were identified according to Hooker (1879), Kirtikar and Basu (1933), Backer (1963), Hutchinson (1967), Brandis (1971) and Dassanayake (1980-1998). Fresh and powder leaves of Ageratum conyzoides L... Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Robinson, and Piper betle L. were studied with the methods of Wallis (1967), Trease and Evans (1978) and Evans (2002). Elemental analysis was conducted by using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometery (AAS) methods. Among the three species studied, Ageratum conyzoides L. have the highest Ca concentration possessing 16.47 ± 0.005 ppm while Piper betle L. contained the highest Mg concentration having 8.412 ± 0.007 ppm. Various solvents extracts of leaves of the three species showed the antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumalis, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli. Water extract of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Robinson, leaves showed no activity while Ageratum conyzoides L.. showed activity against Escherichia coli and Piper betle L. showed activity against Bacillus subtilis respectively. The freshly expressed leaf juice of the 3 species with salt was given with boiled water to the patients suffering congested chest, cough and asthma. The dosage was increased due to the degree of severity of the patients. The patients resulted effectively from suffering after 10 to 15 minutes of taking medicine. The patients were found to be lowered their blood pressure after taken the medicine for three days. It was also found out that fresh juice of leaves were more effective than powdered form. PhD Department Of Botany, University Of Mandalay 2008

Includes References and Appendices

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Herbal Medicine

1.2 The Scope of Present Work

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Botanical Studies

2.2 Chemical Studies

2.3 Antimicrobial Studies

CHAPTER 3

MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Botanical Studies

3.1.1 Sample Collection, Classification, Identification and Preparation

3.1.2 Examination of Histological Characters of 3 Selected Species

3.1.3 Traditional Medicinal Study of Selected Species

3.2 Chemical Studies

3.2.1 Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation

3.2.2 Physicochemical Characterization

3.2.2.1 Determination of Moisture Content

3.2.2.2 Determination of Total Ash

3.2.2.3 Determination of Acid Insoluble Ash

3.2.2.4 Determination of Water Soluble Ash

3.2.2.5 Determination of Water Soluble Matter Content

3.2.3 Elemental Analysis of the Powdered Leaves

3.2.3.1 Elemental Analysis by Using EDXRF

3.2.3.2 Elemental Analysis by Using AAS

3.3 Determination of Antimicrobial Activities by Using Various Solvent Extracts

3.3.1 Preparation of Antimicrobial Activity Tests

CHAPTER 4

RESULTS

4.1 Botanical Studies

4.1.1 Morphological Characters and Medicinal Uses of 27 species that Used as Single Plant for Single Remedy

4.1.2 Histological Characters of Leaves of 3 Selected Species that Used for Cough and Asthma

4.1.2.1 Leaves of Ageratum conyzoides L.

4.1.2.2 Leaves of Chromolaena odorata

(L.) R.M. King & H. Robinson.

4.1.2.3 Leaves of Piper betle L.

4.2 Case Study on the Clinical Treatment of Traditional Medicine Using 3 Selected Species

4.3 Chemical Studies

4.3.1 Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation of the Leaves of 3 Selected Species

4.3.2 Physicochemical Characterization of the Leaves of 3 Selected Species

4.3.3 Elemental Analysis by Using EDXRF and AAS for Powdered Leaves of 3 Selected Species

4.3.3.1 Elemental Analysis of Powered Drugs by Using EDXRF

4.3.3.2 Elemental Analysis of Powered Drugs by Using AAS

4.4 Antimicrobial Activity

4.4.1 Determination of Antimicrobial Activities of Various Solvent Extracts of 3 Selected Leaves by Using Agar-well Diffusion Method

CHAPTER 5

DISCUSSION

5.1 Botanical Studies

5.2 Chemical Studies

5.3 Antimicrobial Studies

CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 6

REFERENCES

APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

APPENDIX IV
Swe Mar Tin A Study On Some Plants Used For Cough And Asthma In Traditional Medicine From Northern Shan State